Weather fronts

Cold Front- This occurs when cold air is moving very fast so it runs into slowly moving warm air. Then the warm air rises and creates big cumulonimbus, or storm clouds.


Stationary Front-This occurs when warm and cold air meet in the same place then the water vapor from both the fronts rise up and condenses into rain,snow or clouds.


Warm Front-This occurs when warm and cold air move in the same direction then the warm air rises and makes more storms occur.


Occluded Front-This occurs when two cool air masses intertwine with warm air masses. Then the warm air rises and the cool air is pushed downward.

Voyage 3 Havana to London

Time-9days
Direction-North East
Latitude-25North-55North
Attempts-2
Helpful winds-Prevailing westerlies
Hurtful winds-Horse latitudes

Voyage 2 Lima to Cape Town

direction- South then East
time- 15 days
attempts-2
helpful wind-prevailing westerlies at first
hurtful winds-prevailing westerlies then
Latitude-25North-55North

Voyage 1- San Francisco to Sydney

Latitude- 40North- 72South
Time-12days
Helpful winds- Trade winds
Hurtful winds-Trade winds
Direction- South West
Attempts-1

Atmospheric Factors Affacting Climate

Acid Rain

Acid rain is rain or any other form of perticipation that is unusually acidic. It has harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infastructure. Acid rain is mostly caused by human emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds which react in the atmosphere to produce acids. The issues are burning of coal ,pollution,rain, sleet, snow, fog, and dry particles carrying nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide. There are lots of consequences like damaged buildings , statues damanged lakes and ponds-plants, amphibians, fish and insects dyin. The solutions for all those problems may be burning less coal use low-sulfur coal and use scrubbers(remove most sulfur oxides in air).

Earth's Atmosphere

The earth is different from the moon in many ways.One of them is that the earth has an atmosphere which causes whether and changes on the planet.For example if you leave a foot print on the moon it will never change and will stay there for ever.On earth it probably wouldn't even last a week because rain or wind or movement would cover it and wash it off.The atmosphere on earth provides air.You might think that air is all oxygen but its only 21%.Air is almost all nitrogen 78% and 1% of other trace gases.

Post Space Exploration

Space Exploration

The Science of Rockets

Atlas rockets have been used for many years since 1950's.The purpose of them is to send probes into space and satellites to orbit Earth. There are three stages to the rockets:Centuar, Atlas, and the payload. The Centaur maneuvers into the proper orbit and releases the payload before falling back to Earth and burning upon reentry of the atmosphere. The Atlas sends the payload into space. The Atlas has been used for many years since it was invented in 1950.

The Space Program

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) it has gegun in 1958. It has had several missions including Apollo 13. Apollo 13 launched April 11, 1970. Two days in an oxygen tank blew up and the Command Module lost electricity and water. They made it around the moon and landed April 17 in the Pacific. Since 1972, three uncrewed spacecrafts have been sent to study the moon: Galileo, Clementine, and Lunar Prospector.There were couple of other missions one of them was Project Mercury which sent one astronaut into space.

Exploring Science Today

A small robot called "Personal Satellite Assistant" is programmed to stay near the astronaut, using internal fans to move around. This robot is also able to get into even the most remote parts of the station. When astronauts need to converse with each other they can use him, and he can also converse back with Control Central. It also has a "videophone" so astronauts can communicate with each other and Mission Control.

Using Space Science on Earth

NASA only gets 1% of the U.S. budget but they predict that for every one dollar put in the economy get 7 dollars.NASA is becoming increasingly worried over these low funds. With limited funds progress is going increasingly slow. NASA points out the basic knowledge of the universe gives us a better understanding of Earth, a lot learned from space exploration. Also exploration of space has made many applications for satellite communications and it supports many jobs. They believe that space travel will help to unlock peoples ideas of boundaries, and help them push the limits.

Moon, Eclipses,and Tides

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Gizmo

The factors that cause the seasons are the angle in which the earth is facing the sun and the other factor is the intensity of the sun. During the summer one part of the earth faces the sun directly which causes the other part of the earth to have winter.During the summer we have longer days which is caused by the sun being higher in the sky.It is also caused by the sun being more intense and the increase of solar intensity.

Perspective

       Mrs. Casey showed us the book called "Zoom," which actually had no words.  It started out with the rooster and it ended up with a picture of the earth.  It would start with a picture, then zoom out to a billboard, then a postcard or a magazine.  It deals with the perspective because everyone the class saw it different way. Everyone had also different predictions about what they're going to see next.

       I've seen something differently by using a new perspective. "Zoom"was a good example of perspective because nobody knew what was going to happen next and if it would stop zooming. Things that help me alter my perspective are seeing movies, reading books, and other staff like that because it gives me more information.  I try to think bigger and not be so narrow-minded.

     In science, different people deal with different kinds of information. For example zooming out would interest astronauts because they study the universe. When we study astronomy we should be aware of the way we see things. We should do this because we need to think big about what we're studying.

                                                                                                                                              

Scientist use a lot of skills to study thing ,some of them are observing,classifying,inferring,predicting, and making models.Using all of those skills scientists learn all about the thing they study.For example I observed enigma box,one of the skills I used was predicting.I predicted that when 450ml. of water gets pored into the box the water will start leaking out and that's what happened.

I observed an enigma box which looks like a big black box with big and little hole on one side and one small hole on the other.I also observed that the water didn't come out till 450ml pored inside which means that the water needed some pressure.At first the water was coming out real slowly then it got faster and it slowed again. that means the pressure started out slowly then it kept on going and finally it ran out of water.This also tells me that the inside must be a tube.

I think the inside of enigma box is a long tube that gives the water pressure and that's how it works.I also guess the tube must be think in order to fit 450ml or more.The inside must also be filled in with plastic that covers all the room around the tube.I think the inside must be black just like the out side and the tube is just clear like the one i saw in class.Basically it is a big black box with a tube inside of it.

In conclusion the enigma box is a long,thick tube folded in half.One end is on the top and the other end of the tube is on the bottom.There is a lot more pressure inside of the box when out side of it.This is way the water keeps going around till it leeks out.